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| Credit: American Chemical Society. |
A new study published online by Science links chronic fatigue syndrome to a possibly contagious rodent retrovirus, XMRV or xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus, which has also been implicated in an aggressive form of prostate cancer recently. Related work by the authors also suggests CFS might best be treated with AIDS drugs.
The XMRV virus is a retrovirus, like the HIV virus that causes AIDS. As with all viruses, a retrovirus copies its genetic code into the DNA of its host but uses RNA – a working form of DNA – instead of using DNA to do so.
Known formally as xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus, XMRV has also been found in some prostate tumours and is also known to cause leukaemia and tumours in animals.
Researchers found the virus in the blood of 68 out of 101 chronic fatigue syndrome patients. The same virus showed up in only 8 of 218 healthy people, they reported on Thursday in the journal Science.
Judy Mikovits of the Whittemore Peterson Institute in Nevada and colleagues at the National Cancer Institute and the Cleveland Clinic emphasized that the finding only shows a link between the virus and chronic fatigue syndrome, or CFS, and does not prove that the pathogen causes the disorder.
Much more study would be necessary to show a direct link, but Mikovits said the study offers hope that CFS sufferers might gain relief from a cocktail of drugs designed to fight AIDS, cancer and inflammation.
Previously a number of viruses, including herpes viruses, Enteroviruses, Coxsackie viruses and Epstein-Barr virus have been suggested as triggers for chronic fatigue syndrome. But these have only been found in a small minority of people with the disorder.
However, CFS researchers have long had their eyes on retroviruses. A number of the symptoms, including fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, can occur when the immune system is dealing with a viral infection, and the disease is often preceded by a flu-like illness. Although a number of retroviruses have been hypothesized to play a role in CFS, none has ever been confirmed.
About three years ago Robert Silverman, a biologist at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio and a co-author of the new study, discovered a previously unknown retrovirus, XMRV, while searching for a pathogen that might contribute to prostate cancer. The retrovirus was very similar to MLV, a group of viruses that can cause cancer and neurological and immunological diseases in mice. Silverman found XMRV in a subset of prostate tumours, and more recent research found a stronger correlation between XMRV and aggressive prostate tumours.
Mikovits believes the association may be even stronger than the present work indicates. DNA sequencing only picks up active infections, she says, so she wants to study CFS exposure to the virus more broadly. In an unpublished investigation, she and her colleagues analyzed blood cells in about 330 CFS patients and found that more than 95% expressed antibodies to XMRV, whereas about 4% of healthy controls did.
Reference:
Detection of an Infectious Retrovirus, XMRV, in Blood Cells of Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Vincent C. Lombardi, Francis W. Ruscetti, Jaydip Das Gupta, Max A. Pfost, Kathryn S. Hagen, Daniel L. Peterson, Sandra K. Ruscetti, Rachel K. Bagni, Cari Petrow-Sadowski, Bert Gold, Michael Dean, Robert H. Silverman, Judy A. Mikovits
Science Published Online October 8, 2009, DOI: 10.1126/science.1179052
ZenMaster
I also now know that the MR brain scan in September showed a ‘clean’ pituitary! They didn’t see any residual tumour tissue on those pictures. Of course, in the end, there could be some few cells left, that slowly will continue to grow again, but for now everything looks fine.
In the autumn, I was also referred to a new specialist, specialising in neuro-muscular diseases and genetic mitochondrial conditions that now are known from DNA sequencing investigations. I spent almost two hours going through my whole story, from 25 years ago until now, with him. Well, really my whole life story –medically speaking. He even asked about if I had noticed something already as a kid and when growing up. The result of this interview/discussion with him was that he was going to take some time and think about my condition and story, and if he could figure out something, he would come back. This was in early October.
Well, now last week, I got an appointment for taking muscle biopsies. Exactly what he is going to check I don’t know, and I really don’t expect anything new to come out of this. But of course, it is good that someone is testing something new about CFS. Maybe there is something wrong with the energy producers in the muscle fibres – the mitochondria’s.
I will have another, completely different test done too. My father died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm, and when I told my cardiologist about this at the yearly ultrasound check-up of my heart, he immediately referred me to the vessel specialists here at the hospital. The condition is much more common in male siblings of known patients, and furthermore they started general screenings of all men at 65 years here in Uppsala some two years ago. So the knowledge is present here. I only hope it has nothing to do with my known brain aneurysm, or the hiatal hernia I have had for a long time now. It could be a generalized weakening of smooth muscle cells in these structures, but it could also be specialised disruptions at each site causing the different bulginess. No one knows the exact reason for aneurysms or hernias.
ZenMaster
It has been disappointing; I had expected this summer would be better after so many years of weakness in my body. I try to convince myself (it only works from time to time... haha!) that it takes time for the body to adjust to the "normal" hormone levels. They are still exquisitely normal!!!
So, I expect the MR-scan will also show no residual tumour, at least not for now. It is strange how divergent our bodies can behave... I should be very well, but I feel like shit!
ZenMaster
Researchers Identify Drugs that Enhance Exercise Endurance HHMI News - July 31, 2008
... Researchers have identified two drugs that mimic many of the physiological effects of exercise. The drugs increase the ability of cells to burn fat and are the first compounds that have been shown to enhance exercise endurance.
Both drugs can be given orally and work by genetically reprogramming muscle fibers so they use energy better and contract repeatedly without fatigue. In laboratory experiments, mice taking the drugs ran faster and longer than normal mice on treadmill tests. Animals that were given AICAR, one of the two drugs, ran 44 percent longer than untreated animals. The second compound, GW1516, had a more dramatic impact on endurance, but only when combined with exercise.
Ronald M. Evans, the Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator who led the study, said drugs that mimic exercise could offer potent protection against obesity and related metabolic disorders. They could also help counter the effects of devastating muscle-wasting diseases like muscular dystrophy. Evans and his colleagues, who are at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, published their findings on July 31, 2008, in an advance online publication in the journal Cell. ...
ZenMaster
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ZenMaster
Well, I guess I should wait and see until these latest blood tests are done, maybe it is something wrong with some hormone system after all? Who knows...
ZenMaster
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome No Longer Seen as ‘Yuppie Flu’ NY Times - Saturday, 31 May 2008
ZenMasterZenMaster
The research findings are to be presented to a conference in Cambridge.
Read more: Seven genetic types of ME' found
BBC - Monday, 5 May 2008 00:02 UK
ZenMaster
Link: U. Iowa study finds biological link between pain and fatigue
ZenMaster
